Akhundov Mirza Fatali (30.06 (12.07) .1812 – 26.02 (10.03) .1878) – Azerbaijan writer, educator and philosopher-materialist, founder of the Azerbaijani drama. He received religious education. Spoke Russian, Arabic and Persian. Akhundov served in Tiflis in the office of the king's viceroy in the Caucasus as a translator (1834 – 1861), he taught Persian and Turkic languages in the Tiflis district school. In the 30's. literary career began Akhundov directed against backwardness and religious dogmatism, for enlightenment, freedom and progress.
In his literary-critical articles Akhundov criticized the court-epigonous and religious-mystical poetry, developed the principles of realistic ideological art, promote new literary genres. The first significant work – elegiac poem "On the death of Pushkin" (1837). The poem was translated into Russian and published in the journal "Moscow Observer" (1837). Literary talent Akhundov with particular strength evident in drama.
From 1850 to 1856, he wrote six comedies, which found a realistic reflection of the life of Azerbaijan, 1-st half of 19 century: "Juliette Jordan, a botanist and dervish Mastalishah, the famous magician" (1850, first performance on the Russian stage in the translation of the author's 1851, Petersburg, 1852, Tiflis), "Molla Ibrahim Khalil, alchemist, winner of the philosopher's stone" (in 1850), "Vazir Lenkoran Khanate" (1850, staged in the first Azerbaijani theater, 1873, Baku), "Bear, winner of the bandit" (1851), " Adventure misers "(" Hadji Gara ", 1852)," Pravozastupniki in city of Tabriz "(" Oriental lawyers ", 1855). In a satirical novel "Deceived stars (1857) Akhundov depicted the disintegration of the feudal and patriarchal relations. Alignment Akhundova evolved under the influence of progressive ideas of the philosophy of the Middle East, and Russian philosophy and ideas of the French materialists of the 18 th century.
In his philosophical treatise "The three letters of the Indian Prince Kemal-ud-Dovle of Persia Prince of Jalal-ud-Dovle …", the article" A philosopher, Hume and others Akhundov developed materialist ideas and rejected the immortality of the soul, separated from the philosophy and science religion, called for the study of nature. In the theory of knowledge Akhundov stood at the positions of materialistic sensationalism, but could not reveal the dialectic of sensuous and rational levels of cognition.
Protesting against social oppression, Akhundov championed the rights of women of the East, came to the idea of the inevitability of violent overthrow of the oppressors. The purpose of education Akhundov seen in the preparation of the Concerned Citizens, Patriots, free from religious beliefs. Attached great importance to the aesthetic education of the younger generation fought for the dissemination of science, promoted the desirability of replacing the Arabic script in Latin, played for the preparation of Azerbaijani teachers.
Activity Akhundov had a great influence on the development of literature and social thought of the Azerbaijani people and the peoples of the Middle East. Philosophical essays Akhundova first appeared in Russian in the translation of the author in 1853, later translated into Persian, English, French, German, and in many languages of the USSR.
Op.: Eserleri, 1-3 pm, Baku, 1949 – 1955, in Russian. per .- Music, Moscow, 1956; fav. Random philosophical., M., 1962.
Lit.: Jafar J. MFAkhundov, critical-essay biograficheskpy, M-1962; Rafili M., Akhundov, M., 1959; S. Mamedov, F., Worldview MFAkhundov. Moscow, 1962; Rzayev AK, political views MFAkhundov, BA, 1968; Tarbijes N., Akhundov. Bibliography (1837 – 1957), Baki, 1960; Lerman AN, Mirza Fatali Akhundov in Russian press. Bibliography. 1837 – 1962 years., Baku, 1962.