Efimenko Alexander Y. (nee Stavrovskaya) (18 (30) .04.1848 – 18.12.1918), Russian and Ukrainian historian and ethnographer. The first Russian woman – honorary doctor of Russian history (degree awarded in 1910, Kharkov University is).
In 1863 she graduated from high school in Arkhangelsk. There was a teacher in Kholmogory, where she married the exiled student PS Efimenko. Was engaged in historical and ethnographic study of the population of northern Russia, from 1879 (when she moved to the Ukraine) – Ukraine. It belonged to the populist trend in historiography.
Forward the theory of the initial existence of the North pechischnogo tenure, which corresponds to the South dvorischnoe, the latter because of historical conditions transformed to the community. This teaching is different from the populist theories about the antiquity of the Russian community and from the theory of public school of artificial plantation communities in the State.
Since the democratic positions considered part of the masses and the individual in history, stressing the interrelationship of social and economic processes, the inevitable development of capitalism in Russia, opposed the national oppression, women's emancipation. Main article Efimenko entered Sat "Studies of national life" (V. 1, 1884) and "South Russia" (Vol. 1-2, 1905). Work Efimenko history of social relations and land tenure in Russia attracted the attention of Marx, Engels, Lenin. In 1907-17 Efimenko was professor of Russian history at Bestuzhevsky courses in St. Petersburg. Killed Petlurites. Lit.: Zbirnik naukovo-doslidchoi katedi ictopii ukrainskoi Culture, v. 10, Prisvyachuetsya pamyati O. Ya Efimenkovoi, Xapkiv, 1930; Markov, PG, A. Ya Efimenko – historian of Ukraine, Kiev, 1966.