Francisco Goya Lutsientesa (1746 – 1828) famous Spanish painter and engraver, in his childhood he discovered the extraordinary artistic ability; studied with the painter X. de Lutsara-Martinez, a Saragossa, spent his youth, full of disturbing adventure, and in 1765 came to Rome, where he was not so much paintings and copying the Italian masters, as evident by estimation of their means and manners. On his return to Spain in 1774, he soon came to fame with fellow citizens, thanks to its many historical and genre paintings, drawings and cardboard (composed for a carpet factory St. Barbara), betrayed the inexhaustible richness of his imagination, remarkable for originality of conception and composition, tenderness, captivating, silver, warmth and harmony of color. With great skill he wrote well and murals, mostly of religious content, which, however, said his lack of faith and inspiration. A rare gift of observation made him particularly capable of portrait work, superb examples of which can be seen now in the Madrid museum del Prado. Most of the other works of this highly original and national artist is in Spain. Outside the country he is known primarily for its full intelligence, patriotism, irony and bile etchings that make up the individual series, entitled: "Caprice" (1793 – 1798, 80 leaves. With songs, mocking or bichuyuschimi vices of the aristocracy, the Inquisition, the monks and general Spanish customs), Toreadorstvo since Cid (c. 1801, 80 leaves.), "Proverbs" (18 sheet. serving the continuation of "Caprice") and "Disasters of War" (1810 – 1815, 80 sheets., with scenes from the horrors of French. invasion of Spain under Napoleon I). In these series, G. engraved strong vodka many other pictures of his own composition, as well as prints from the paintings of his beloved Velazquez. Despite his independent thinking and sarcastic attitude towards the higher spheres of society, a talented artist has been in favor with the royal court and enjoyed everyone's respect; in 1780, the Madrid Academy of St. Fernanda elected him to its members in 1786, he received the title of royal painter, and although in 1793 was. deleted from Madrid for his affiliation to a party the Duchess of Alba, but soon returned from exile, in 1795, wilted president above the Academy and in 1799 awarded the title of the first court painter. The last years of his life since 1823 he spent in Bordeaux. See Ch. Yriarte, "Biographie de G." (Paris, 1867); P. Lefort, "Francisco G., etude biographique et critique" (Paris, 1877) and a monograph MV Watson: "Francisco G." (In the Journal of elegance. Art. "V. II).
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