Ghirlandaio (Ghirlandaio) – the nickname of several Italian (Florentine) Painter, of which the most familiar with two: 1) Domenico D, (1449 – 1494). His father, Tommaso Bichardi was famous in his day as a skilled goldsmith, preserved a legend that jewelry garland, which he did for headgear girls were in vogue, and that due to the fact he was given the nickname "girlyandschik" (ghirlandaio), passed over and his sons and a grandson. Domenico, initially prepared to be as a goldsmith, but soon discovered a remarkable talent for painting. His teacher in it was A. Baldovinetti. By the earliest works of this master owned frescoes executed by him in Rome, but from these works survived only a "vocation to the apostolate of St.. Peter and Andrew, and then, fresco in the face of the blessed Jerome Rude. Onisante in Florence, where everything that surrounds the blessed Jerome presents a picture of utter quiet home, in the manner of the then Netherlands artists, and finally "Last Supper" in the meal Onisante, which marked the successful desire to give each person a separate individual. Is much higher, in the frescoes of the chapel Sassetta, in the church of Santa Trinita in Florence, depicting events from the life of St. Francis. The best of these images – Death of St. Francis. The solemn position of the whole, the severity of the individual figures, courageous expression of compassionate involvement in the faces, and the perfection of technical execution, – all those qualities put this picture highly. In the original images on the disks manner Domenico G. not so noticeable, with that in them unpleasant affects the eye known heterogeneity and the prevalence of bright red color. Nevertheless, among these paintings are found quite remarkable, as, for example. "Adoration of the Magi in the church of the Florentine Foundling Home (agli Innocenti). Two of the Madonna of his works are in Florence Aqd. One of the pictures marked with the year 1485, "The Adoration of the shepherds," the pagan sarcophagus, replacement crib. "Visiting St. Virgin" is in the Louvre. "Madonna" in the radiance of the four saints, in the Berlin Museum. Domenico G. brought the art direction of his time to a special degree of perfection: a portrait, in the broad sense of the word – that's mainly issued in the works of G, namely, placement in a church-historical images of portraits of contemporaries in order to perpetuate their memory. Simple and easy are these persons as spectators or witnesses on both sides of the sacred event. Their relationship to the main subject can be compared with the value which had choruses in Greek tragedy. G. commonly envelops the audience figures in the then usual suit and surrounds them with rich floretiyskoy architecture intelligently designed with a view. Forms are always perfectly transmitted, especially nature captured with startling truth. Techniques in the works of G. stenopisnyh expose unprecedented perfection. G. improves the transfer of aerial perspective. In addition, he is considered the founder of the school, created by Michelangelo Buonarroti. – 2) Ridolfo G. (1488 – 1661), son of the painter, a pupil of his uncle, David G. and FraBartolommeo affected by then the influence of L. da Vinci and Raphael. By way he is reminiscent of the last Florentine period of his activity as it is particularly evident in two scenes that are stored in the Uffizi Gallery: "Resurrection St. Zinovy dead boy" and "The extension of the body of St. Zinoviev in the cathedral in Florence." Paintings are remarkable especially for the expression of goals. Among other works Ridolfo, the famous: "Coronation of the Virgin (Louvre), a woman's head (Pitt), in the church of Santa Sporito in Florence," Christ Carrying the Cross. In St. Petersburg the Hermitage are two questionable pictures Ridolfo G.: "Holy Family" (£ 30) and "The Virgin and Child" (Crow and Kovalkazelle attribute them rather Michele da Ridolfo or Mariano da Peshia).
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