Katchalov Vasily Ivanovich (real name – Shverubovich) (30.01 (11.02) .1875 – 30.09.1948), Russian Soviet actor and People's Artist of USSR (1936).
Born in the family priest. As a student of Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University Press, participated in drama, directed by W. H. Davydov. He worked in the theater ASSuvorin (St. Petersburg, 1896-97), the association of MM Beard (Kazan, Saratov, 1897-1900).
Since 1900 – the troupe of the Moscow Art Theatre. Katchalov the exceptional artistry, great scenic charm, a rare voice in music.
Acute analyst, artist philosophical view of life, he based his art not only on the strength of the emotional impact, but also the temperament of thought, the ability to reproduce the drama of consciousness, to reveal conflicts of ideas and convictions, holding his heroes.
Played in 55 MXATe roles. Statements in plays by Chekhov and M. Gorky did Kachalova favorite actor of Russian democratic intelligentsia. Dreaming about a beautiful future TUZENBACH, tearing toward combat and life Peter Trofimov, desperate, but rejecting compromise Ivanov (in the plays of Chekhov's "Three Sisters", 1902 "Cherry Orchard", 1904, "Ivanov", 1904) expressed the expectation of social change that engulfed Russian society at the beginning of the century. In the role of Baron ("At the bottom of Gorky, 1902) Katchalov revealed the essence of social psychology master, turned into a tramp and a pimp, gave a remarkable example of mastery of impersonation.
The problem of "the intelligentsia and the Revolution was badly placed in the role Kachalov Protasov (" Children of the Sun "Gorky, 1905). Among the best roles Kachalova pre-revolutionary period: Berend ("Snow Maiden" Ostrovsky, 1900), Johann Fokerat ("Lonely" Hauptmann, 1903), Julius Caesar ("Julius Caesar" by Shakespeare, 1903), Brand ("Brand" Ibsen, 1906), Glumov ("Every Wise Man Stumbles" Ostrovsky, 1910), Karenin ("Living corpse" H. L. Tolstoy, 1911), Gorski ("Where fine, there and tear" Turgenev, 1912).
Glitter intellectual temperament Kachalova manifested in the roles Chatsky ("Woe from Wit" Griboyedov, 1906, renewed in 1914 and 1938) and Hamlet (Shakespeare's Hamlet, 1911).
Good faith in the power of the mind was permeated performance Kachalov role of Ivan Karamazov (The Brothers Karamazov "by Dostoevsky, 1910).
In 1922-24 Katchalov participated in the tour MXATa in Europe and America. In Soviet times, the images created Kachalov, along with a passionate, courageous humanism, with the approval of the heroic beginning of a man in a new way, with particular acuteness apparent tendency to satire.
In 1926 Katchalov addressed the role of Nicholas I ("Nicholas I and the Decembrists" Kugel), reaching a bright theatricality in the psychological characteristics of the king-provocateur. In the role of Zahara Bardeen ("Enemies" Gorky, 1935) actor continued focus social satire associated in his work with playwright Maxim Gorky. In the history of the Soviet theater became dramatically guerrilla leader Nikita Vershinin, Kachalov embodied in the play "Armoured Train 14-69" Bc. Ivanov (1927). In the dramatization of "Resurrection" L. H. Tolstoy (1930) as "From author" Katchalov, according to Stanislavski, has created "… a new genre – the voice of the author, his soul" (Collected Works, op., V. 8, 1961, pp. 411) .
Katchalov appeared on stage with a performance of poetry and prose, and literary and musical and dramatic compositions (the author of which he was), playing some scenes involving multiple characters – from "Julius Caesar," "Hamlet" by Shakespeare, "at the bottom of Gorky , etc.
USSR State Prize (1943). He was awarded two Orders of Lenin and the Order of Labor Red Banner.
Lit.: Efros HE, Kachalov, P., 1920; Kugel AR, Kachalov, M. – L., 1927, Markov PA, theatrical portraits, MA – L ., 1939; MXT Yearbook for 1948, v. 2 (Memory Kachalov), Moscow – Leningrad, 1951 (bibl.); Kachalov. Sat articles, reminiscences, letters, M., 1,954 (bibl.).; Vilenkin VY, Kachalov, M., 1962, Volkov H. D.. Theatre evenings, M., 1966.