Russian Actors

Rublev Andrew (circa 1360 – 1370 – 1427), Russian painter, creator of the Moscow School of painting. Biographical information on Rublev scanty: raised in a secular environment, in middle age took monastic vows, apparently in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, on the other studies in Andronik Monastery. Creativity Rublev formed on the basis of artistic traditions of Muscovite Russia, and he was well acquainted also with the Byzantine and the South Slavic artistic experience. The formation of Rublev's outlook was greatly influenced by the atmosphere of national recovery 2 nd half of 14 – early 15 th centuries., Which is characterized by a deep interest in moral and spiritual issues. In his works within the framework of medieval iconography Rublev embodies the new, sublime understanding of the spiritual beauty and moral power of man. These qualities are inherent icons Zvenigorod ("Saviour", "St Paul", "Archangel Michael", everything – line 14 – 15 centuries. By other studies, 10-ies. 15., Tretyakov gal.), Where concise, smooth contours, wide brushwork similar techniques monumental painting. In the late 14 – early 15 th centuries. (In other studies, approx. 1412 or approx. 1427) Rublev created his masterpiece – the icon "The Trinity" (Tretyakov gal.). Traditional Biblical subject Rublev filled the deep poetic and philosophical content. Stepping away from the traditional canons, he placed in the center of the composition only bowl (symbolizing the sacrificial death), and its shape echoed in the contours of the side of angels. Central (symbolizing Christ), the angel took the place of the victim and isolated spots of expressive contrast of dark cherry and blue colors, orchestrated a sophisticated combination of golden ocher with a gentle "cabbage and greens. In a circle track riddled with deep circular rhythms, control every line contours, the consistency of which makes almost musical effect. "Trinity" is designed for distant and near the point of view, each of which reveals the richness of different colors, virtuoso brush work. The harmony of all elements of the form is the artistic expression of the basic ideas of "the Trinity" – self-sacrifice as the highest state of mind which creates the harmony of peace and life. In 1405, together with Rublev and Theophanes the Greek Prokhorov Gorodets painted the Cathedral of the Annunciation (the frescoes were not preserved), and in 1408 Rublev, together with Daniel Black and other masters – the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir (paintings preserved in part) and established icons for his monumental three-tier iconostasis, which became an important stage in the formation of a high Russian iconostasis. Of the frescoes in the Dormition Cathedral Rublev most significant composition "Last Judgement", where traditionally terrible scene turned into bright feast of justice, asserting the spiritual value of man. Rublev's work in Vladimir indicate that even at this time he was a mature master, who stood at the head of school of painting he created. In 1425-27 Rublev together with Daniel the Black and the other masters painted the Holy Trinity Church Holy Trinity Monastery of St. Sergius and icons created its iconostasis. Preserved icons, they are made in various manners and uneven on artistic merit. Time, when Russian brewing new internecine war and the harmonic ideal man, formed in the preceding period, found no foothold in reality, affected the creativity Rublev. In a number of works Rublev managed to create impressive images, they can feel the dramatic music, previously he was not peculiar ("Paul"). The coloring of the icons more gloomy in comparison with earlier works, in some icons growing ornamental style, while others appear archaic tendencies. Some sources call painting the Savior Cathedral Andromkov Monastery (circa 1427, in other studies in the late 14 – 15 cc.; Preserved only fragments of ornaments) latest work Rublev. He is credited as a number of activities, membership of which brush Rublev's certainly not proven: the frescoes of the Assumption Cathedral in the "small town" in Zvenigorod (late 1914 – early. 15 cc.; Fragments), icons – "Our Lady of Vladimir (ca. 1409, Assumption Cathedral, Vladimir), "Christ in power" (1408, Tretyakov gal.) rank of the icons of the festival ("Lady," "Christmas", "Candlemas", "Baptism", "The Raising of Lazarus", "Transfiguration," " Entry into Jerusalem "- all OK.1399) Annunciation Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin (iconostasis of the cathedral, according to the latest research came from the Kremlin's Archangel Cathedral), part of miniatures "Gospel Khitrova" (late 1914 – early. 15 cc., Library of the USSR. Lenin, Moscow ). Creativity Rublev is one of the top Russian and world culture. In 1947, the monastery is open to Andronik Museum of Early Russian Art. Andrei Rublev. Lit.: Alpatov MV, Andrei Rublev, Moscow, 1959; Demina NA, "Trinity" by Andrei Rublev, Moscow, 1963, Lazarev VN, Andrei Rublev and his school, Moscow, 1966 ; Plugin VA, Alignment Andrei Rublev, Moscow, 1974; Betim LV, On the Origin of the iconostasis Cathedral of the Annunciation, the Sat: Restoration Mr. study of cultural monuments,. 1, Moscow, 1975.