Russian Actors

Jacques-Louis David (1748 – 1825) – historical painter, a famous French painting of the transducer end of the XVIII century., Who had a significant influence on the direction of art in other countries. In adolescence, he discovered a remarkable artistic talent, but, entering students to Vien, first went rather quietly in their development and only after the third failure in obtaining large awards received it in 1774 for his film: "Erasiskrat opens the cause of the illness of Antiochus . The following year, then went to the expense of government in Italy, together with Vienne designated at this time in French directors. Aqd. Rome. After five years here, was engaged mainly studying antiquities, he wrote sketches and performed only a few paintings, one of which is: "St. Roch pray Our Lady of the termination of the plague, gave him some fame. On his return to Paris in 1780, put the picture here "Belisarius" (found in lilskom Museum Gravirov. Morel) and received her title soprichislennogo to the Royal Academy of Painting, and after three years was adopted as an active member of the Academy for new his work: "Andromache mourns the death of Hector". These works are so raised the reputation of the artist, the king ordered him now, giving him and the choice of subject. D. went to Rome and wrote there "Oath of the Horatii," brought her to Paris, where she opened a general surprise. Plunging more and more into the history of the ancient Greeks and Romans, he performed after the painting: "The Death of Socrates" (gravir. Massaro's father), "Lictor bring to Brutus the bodies of his sons," "Love of Paris and Helena", engraved Vidal) and some others from his retreat to normal until that time, is: "Pribytie Louis XVI, in a parliamentary session on Feb. 14 – Paintings, brought them in 1790 as a gift to the National Assembly, which once commissioned to portray D." Oath Jeu de Paume ", remaining, however, only in effectively composed sketch (gravir. Jose). Flared up the fire of revolution struck passionate painter in his rapid cycling: it acted as a political figure, came in 1793 in the convent, as a member participated in the condemnation of the king to death, he wrote and offered to projects of great national celebrations and manage their part of the arts and etc. In this time of his brush out play two bloody modern stage – the assassination of Pelletier and Marat. The fall of Robespierre brought with arrest of his friend, D., and only the glory of the latter, as an artist, who saved his head. Upon his release from prison, he again devoted himself entirely of paintings and wrote, in 1795 – 1999, one the best of his paintings: "Rape of the Sabine Women", a public exhibition which gave him 65,627 francs. When the supreme power of France passed into the hands of Napoleon, DA became his preferred artist, but, perpetuating on canvas glorious event Consulate and the Empire ("Go through Bonaparte S. Bernard," The Coronation of Napoleon "," Distribution of Eagles ", and so n .), he never ceased to be interested in the ancient history and wrote, among others, "Leonidas at Thermopylae" – painting unfinished in 1814 and sold in 1819, along with the "Rape of Sabine Women", for 100,000 francs. (Both are in the Louvre Museum). Despite the favor to him the emperor and received from him mercy, D. remained in his heart Republican. Upon return of the Bourbons, he, as a former member of the convention and, regicide, was subjected to expulsion from France, was removed from the lists Aqd. artist. and the Legion of Honor, and settled in Brussels, where he continued to lead the formation of young artists and paint. Of the works that relate to the last pore of his activities, the most noteworthy: "Amour, leaving Psyche," "Mars disarmed by Venus, Cupid and Grace", etc. Judgement of art critics D. is very different, but no one is denied its enormous historical significance. From AD started strong degeneration izzhemanivshegosya before so French. art. He was the first turning to the study of antiquities, began to worry about compliance with purity of style and common views on nature. This trend he spent in his work with conviction and energy. However, it is essentially assimilated only the external features of the monuments of Greek. art. Hence – stiffness and deadness of his paintings. Instead of real feelings, we find in his theatrical artificiality rather than passion – cheesy often exaggerated pathos, not much inspiration, as a cold calculation of the mind.In addition, he is not rich in resourcefulness: its composition is dispersion; his figures take exaggerated poses, color him too monotonous, sometimes yellowish, cold and devoid of subtle nuances. But the picture carefully worked out, the forms are noble, elegant, and especially in the female figures. In portraits he is incomparably easier and more attractive than in the pictures, and most of its shortcomings recede before the imitation of nature, not dimmed by preconceived principles. As for his best work in this way, you can specify the portraits Joubert and Le Roy, Mme de Sorci, marquise de Olivier, father Filelera, Pekulya (nah. in the Louvre), Boissy-d'Angla, Madame Recamier (in the Louvre), General Gerard, and especially Pope Pius VII (in the Louvre). But the main merit of AD is based on an entire school, where his pupils given the opportunity to develop their talents according to their nature, without any constraint, and after careful study of antique throw slavish imitation them and not go on the footsteps of his teacher, and independent path to perfection . From this school came Groh, Granet Drouais, Girodet, Gerard, Isabey, Belgian Navez, L. Robert, Ingres and many others. others, less significant artists. Wed FL.David, "Le peintre Louis David (1748 – one thousand eight hundred twenty-five), souvenirs et documents inedits" (PG, 1880); Delecluze, "L. David, son ecole et son temps" (PG, 1855); T. Thore , "Les peintres du XIX siecle, L. David" (Brussels, 1843); M.A.Th. (Adolphe Thiers) "David, souvenirs historiques"; E. Chesneau, "Le mouvement moderne en peinture, L. David".