Frobel Friedrich (21/04/1782 – 06/21/1852), a German teacher and theorist of early childhood education. In 1799 – 1801 attended lectures at the University of Jena, 1805, and 1808 – 1810 worked for the IG Pestalozzi in Iverdonskom Institute. In 1837, opened in Blankenburg (Thuringia) facility for games and training of young children, on the basis of which has developed the idea of kindergarten. In his philosophical views Frobel was an idealist and considered pre-school education as the only means the destruction of social evil and to improve morals. Its education system was the source of the active nature of the child – his mobility, immediacy, constant development of physical and mental strength, sociability, curiosity. Frobel advocated the establishment of kindergartens to promote the improvement of the natural ability of the child, trained kindergarten teachers ("Gardener"), created a methodology for working with children, is grounded in the development of the senses, movement, thinking and speech, disclosed the educational and educational value of games in children's age. Frobel proposed special instructional materials, so called. "Gifts" Frobel is a system of classes of games with balls and geometric bodies – balls, cubes, cylinders, cubes and more small and diverse their division. All of this was used for the development of spatial representations, perception of motion, shape, color, size, number, kombinatorskih thinking abilities in the children's "structures". Apart from "gifts," Frobel introduced the lesson games using sticks, stones, sand, paid great attention to the conversation, storytelling, singing, drawing, modeling, simulation and cutting of paper, child labor in the garden and the garden. Teaching Frobel facilitate the allocation of pre-school pedagogy as a separate branch of educational science. Lack of Frobel – strict regulation of the child. "Grants" Frobel were largely formalistic and pedantic. System Frobel became widespread in many countries, including in Russia.
Cit.: Padagogische Schriften, Bd 1 – 3, W. – Lpz., 1883; in Russian. per .- Pedagogical works, per. with him., v. 1-2, 2 ed., Moscow, 1913.
Lit.: Vodovozova EN, mental and moral education of children from the first manifestation of consciousness to school age, 7 ed. St. Petersburg, 1913, ch. 13 – 18, Poznan, NF, The Idea of labor education at the F. Frobel, Saratov, 1926, History of Pedagogy. A manual for preschool teacher training, ed. MF Shabaeva, 3 rd ed., M., 1961, ch. 5; Sshuffenhauer H., Friedrich Wilhelm August Frobel, V., 1962.