Pierre-Auguste Renoir (25/02/1841 – 17/12/1919), French painter, graphic and sculptor, one of the founders of impressionism. Since 1845 he lived in Paris. From 1854 he painted porcelain, blinds and fans. In 1862 – 1864 he studied at the School of Fine Arts and in the studio Sh Gleyre, where friends with Monet, Sisley and Frederick A. Basile. In early works by Renoir, with their dense writing and clearly defined forms of G. The influence of Courbet and Eduard Manet (portrait of four Sisley, 1868, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne). At the turn of 1860 – 1870-ies. Renoir turns to painting en plein air, naturally and organically including the human figure in the changing light and air ("Swimming in the Seine", 1869, the Museum of Fine Art in them. Pushkin, Moscow). His palette is brighter, the letter becomes transparent, smear – vibrant, color saturated thin reflexes, softened contrasts of warm tone shades and rich silver-pearl shades lit areas ("Lodge", 1874, Courtauld Institute, London). Unlike most of the Impressionists, Renoir (and Degas), is most interested in individuality – in his unity with nature, in live communication with other people, in random situations. He records the subtle nuances of the mood of the model (portrait of Choquet, 1876, Private Collection, USA), identifies emotional artistic spirit (Study for Portrait of Jean Samari, 1877, the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, Russia) and immediacy Young character ("Mademoiselle Grimpel with a blue ribbon, 1880, private collection in Paris). And in portraits and genre compositions Renoir seeks to emphasize a sense of fullness of life. It attracts festive side of urban life – dances, dances, walks with their evolution and diversity of characters ("Moulin de la Galette", 1876, the Museum of Impressionism, Paris), scenes of serene rest ("After dinner", 1879). However, episodes, seemingly snatched from the flow of life Renoir, fragmented, essentially deprived of the effect of a fleeting event, as it slowed, extended in time, always compositionally balanced. The special charm of women's images are imbued with Renoir; different internal characteristics, they resemble each other outwardly (almond-shaped eyes, the roundness of persons, smooth silhouette), if awarded the overall printing environment, and age ("Umbrella", 1879, Nat. Gal. London; "Girls in Black", 1883, Museum of Fine Art in them. Pushkin). Modern type of feminine beauty Renoir says the depiction of nudes, achieving a rare elegance of carnation (built on a combination of ground golden hues and greenish-blue reflections), soft, flexible plastic in the treatment of the nude ("Naked woman sitting on the couch, 1876, Museum of Fine Art in them. Pushkin, Moscow). Since 1880. Renoir increasingly tends to the classical clarity of the images (1881 – 1882 he visited Italy), in his paintings grow decorativism features, form limited contour, the modeling of volumes is hard, in the color dominate orange pink hues. Conciseness and ease of stroke characterized by numerous paintings by Renoir. Sculptural works by Renoir (Ch. arr. Beg. 1900-ies.) Stylistically closer to the works of A. Maillol ("Venus", bronze, 1914 – 1916, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne). A viable, deeply humanistic work of Renoir had a significant impact on the development of realistic art 20.
Lit.: A. Vollard, Renoir, [Per. with France., joined. Art. AVLunacharsky], Leningrad, 1934; O. Renoir. [Album. Joined. Art. M. Prokofiev, M., 1966]; Velchinskaya I., Renoir. [Album], M., [1970]; Riviere G., Renoir et ses amis, P., 1921; Renoir J., Renoir, P., 1962 (Russian translation .- M., 1970).