Professor, University of Comrade in Odessa (1903 – 1923), Leningrad (1924 – 1929). Belonged to the school FF Fortunatov. He was engaged in comparative grammar of Slavic languages, history, Proto-Slavic language (formation and relationship of its dialects, the genesis of forms of inducement, the issues of phonetics, etc.), history of the individual Slavic languages and language groups, etymology, etc.

Opposed the doctrine of division of a Proto-Slavic language to proto-separate branches. DOS. Publications: "Study on the language of the synodal list 1 st Novgorod Chronicle (V. 1.1899)," Forms of declination in the Old Slavonic language "(1905), lithographed lectures on comparative phonetics of Slavic languages (1913-14). Academician of Polish Academy of Sciences (1930), corresponding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1932), Czech Academy of Sciences (1934).

Lit.: Obnorsky C., In memory of Academician. BM Lyapunov, "Math. USSR, dep. Literature and Language," 1944, t. 3,. 5: Bernstein SB, Boris Mikhailovich Lyapunov, Problems of Linguistics, 1958, № 2 (a list of publications).

Born in a family of democratic-minded officers. As a listener Higher Women's Courses in St Petersburg, from 1890 was a Marxist student circles. In 1891-96 she taught in the evening, Sunday school in the Nevsky Gate, conducted revolutionary propaganda among the workers. In 1894, he met with Lenin. In 1895 participated in the organization and the St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the liberation of the working class. " In August 1896 arrest.

In 1898, sentenced to exile for 3 years in Ufa province, which at her request had been replaced with. Shushenskoye Yenisei province, where the exiled Lenin, Krupskaya, here was his wife. In 1900, finished the term links in Ufa; conducted studies in workers' circles, preparing for future correspondents "Iskra". After his release, came (1901) to Lenin in Munich, worked as a secretary at the newspaper "Iskra", from December 1904 – the newspaper "Forward", in May 1905 Secretary of the Foreign Bureau RSDLP. In November 1905, together with Lenin returned to Russia, first in St. Petersburg, and the end of 1906, Kuokalla (Finland) worked as a secretary of the Central Committee. At the end of 1907, Lenin and Krupskaya newly emigrated, in Geneva, Krupskaya was Secretary of the "Proletariat", then the newspaper of the Social Democrat. In 1911 Professor Party School in Longjumeau. From 1912 in Krakow helping Lenin to liaise with "Truth" and the Bolshevik faction of 4-th of the State Duma.

In late 1913 – early 1914 helped to organize the publication of legal Bolshevik magazine '. Delegate 2-4-th Congresses RSDRP member party conferences [including 6 (Prague)] and the responsible party meetings (including meeting of the 22 Bolsheviks), held until 1917. 3 (16) April 1917 along with Lenin returned to Russia. The delegate of the 7 th April Conference and 6 th Party Congress (b). Participated in the establishment of the socialist youth union. She took active part in the October Revolution of 1917, Krupskaya, Lenin passed through the guidance letter to the Central Committee and the St. Petersburg Committee of the party, MCS; being a member of the Vyborg district committee RSDLP (b) and worked in it during the October insurrection. According to Pokrovsky, Krupskaya before the October Revolution of 1917, as Lenin's closest collaborator, "… doing the same thing that now makes real good" deputies "- Lenin's unloaded from the routine work, saving him time for such large things like "What?" (Recollections of Krupskaya, 1966, p. 16).. After the establishment of Soviet power Krupskaya – member board of the RSFSR, with Lunacharskii and Pokrovsky prepares the first decrees on public education, one of the organizers of the political and educational work. In 1918 elected a member of the Socialist Academy of Social Sciences.

In 1919 on the ship "Red Star" participated in agitpohode on just liberated from the Whites in the Volga area. In November 1920 the Chairman Central Political Education in the Ministry of Education. Since 1921 chairman of the scientific and methodological section of the State Training Board (State Academic Council) Narcompros. She taught at the Academy of communist education. There was organized a number of voluntary societies: "Down with Illiteracy", "Friend of Children, chairman of the society of teachers of Marxist.

Since 1929 Deputy Commissar of Education of the RSFSR. Made a major contribution to the development of the most important problems of Marxist pedagogy – the definition of objectives and tasks of communist education, the school has a practice of socialist construction, labor and polytechnic education, the definition of educational content, issues of age of pedagogy, an organizational form of child communist movement, education of collectivism, and so n .

Krupskaya attached great importance to combating child homelessness and neglect, the work of children's homes, early childhood education. Edited the magazine "Popular Education", "National Teacher," "On the Road to a new school, on our children", "Help self-education", "Red Librarian", "Adult Education", "Communist Education", "reading-room "etc.

Delegate 7 17 th Party Congresses. Since 1924 member of the CCC, since 1927 member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).Member of the USSR Central Committee and Central Executive Committee all convocations, MP and member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1-th convocation. Participant all congresses of the Komsomol (except the third). Minuteman international communist movement and the delegate of the 2 nd and 4 th and 6 th, 7 th Congress of the Comintern. Krupskaya – a prominent writer, speaker. She has performed at numerous party, Komsomol, trade union congresses and conferences, meetings of workers, peasants, teachers. The author of many works of Lenin and the Party for public education and communist education. Reminiscences of Lenin, Krupskaya an invaluable historical source illuminating the life and work of Lenin and many important events in the history of Communist Party.

She was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of Red Banner of Labor. She was buried in Red Square near the Kremlin wall.

With hours of: Reminiscences of Lenin, Moscow, 1957; about Lenin. Sat Art., (2 ed., Moscow, 1965), Lenin and the Party, Moscow, 1963; Teaching cit., v. 1 – 11, Moscow, 1957-63.

Lit.: Krzyzanowski GM, friend and assistant of Lenin, Music, Moscow, 1957; Zelikson-Bobrovskaya TS. S., NK Krupskaya, to Sat: The glorious Bolshevik, Moscow, 1958; next to Lenin . Memories of Krupskaya. To the 100 anniversary of his birth, Moscow, 1969; Krupskaya. Refs. books and literature about the life and work, Moscow, 1969; pedagogical views and activity of NK Krupskaya, (Moscow, 1969).