Even in childhood he showed a great liking for drawing, which prompted Diakonova let him go out and determine in 1788, students in the Imperial. Academy of Arts. While studying in her own extraordinary artistic abilities and their rapid development Kiprensky acquired a special patronage of the then president of the Academy, gr. Stroganov. The main mentors him here were sullen and G. D. Levitsky.

In 1802, for the picture: Philemon and Baucis, awarded him a small gold medal, and in addition, for the painting project of the monument Professor G. Kozlov, he was one of the great gold medals, donated by gr. Stroganov. After graduating in the next year academic course with the title of the artist XIV cells. Is left with the Academy as a boarder.

In 1805 he was awarded a large gold medal for the written program now: "Dmitry Donskoy in Kulikovo (nahod. Museum Acad. Thin.), And thus acquired the right to travel to foreign lands, with the content from the Government, but by the then political circumstances, sending him there had to be postponed.

Once he went to Moscow and was in Tver, in the court led. Princess Catherine Pavlovna. In 1812, a few male portraits, including a portrait of guerrilla-poet D. Davydov (nah. Museum Acad. Thin.) Erected in the title of Academician, and in 1815 recognized as an advisor of the Academy. In the following year went, finally, in a journey abroad, at the expense of the Imperial. Elizabeth Alexeyevna, visited Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and the last one of these countries acquired their portraits so well known that honored that his portrait, painted by himself at the suggestion of the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts, was placed in the Uffizi Gallery, the collection of portraits by famous artists.

Returned to St. Petersburg. in 1823, but not for long, and in 1828 again went to Italy, where he attracted the love of a young Roman woman, model Anna Maria Falkuchchi which, thanks to him, was given to education in one of the female schools of this city . During his absence from St. Petersburg. Was due to receive the Academy of Arts of the new state, renamed from advisers to be a professor, in 1831

In 1836 he married Falkuchchi, but 3 months later he died in Rome on 5 October that year. Contemporaries called Kiprensky "Russian Van Dyke," but this name determines the nature of his talent is not quite accurate. Starting out with a follow his teacher, Ugryumova and Levitsky, he then took me for examples of Rubens and Rembrandt, and tried, in his works, to merge the best qualities of their painting, but soon left these artists and created his own style, which sought may complete transmit the nature of life, not only the strict accuracy of drawing and the naturalness of the colors, but mostly well crafted, varied, depending on the kind depicted substances – such as to completely concealed by the brush work and receive full illusion of reality. In many cases Kiprensky solves this problem perfectly, but not all of his works have the same value.

Especially strong, he was part of portraits, which are written to them a lot and who, besides other qualities, in general is remarkably similar. With regard to his historical paintings, they suggest that, for all his skill, he did not possess the gift of great songs. In addition to painting, Kiprensky engaged in painting on stone and published several lithographs. As for the best among his works, you can specify the portraits of the famous sculptor Gorvaldsena and father of the artist (in Imperial. Hermitage), the "Young Gardener" (ibid.), "readers of newspapers" and "Tiburtinskuyu Sybil" (in the Moscow Public Museum) portraits fabulist Krylov (in counts. Acad. Sciences) and "gr. Pototskaya" (in the estate of Count. Potocki), "Tomb of Anacreon" (in years.Briullov, in St. Petersburg.) And a few portraits collected, the Tretyakov Gallery, which he founded in Moscow.

In 1722 he was assigned to illustrate a new edition of "French history" O. Daniel, and in 1723 he received the Academy Award for his film "Evil-Merodach the son and heir of Nebuchadnezzar, the king released from the shackles of Joachim.

In 1725 Bush put a few small pictures on "Exhibition of Youth" and was invited to de Julien cooperate in the publication of Anton Watteau. In 1727 he went to his account in Rome, where he studied diligently all Albano and Pietro da Cortona, with whom he later often compared, and sketched the whole collection of animals with Traian's column (published Gyutenom). Modern critics have found that the pictures, written AB after returning from Italy, was remarkable beauty and virile power, and this may be true for the paintings, which have reached us only in the engravings published Lavrenty Kars, as their originals have disappeared. November 24, 1731 AB was admitted to the academy, and in 1732 wrote "Venus, Vulcan ordering weapons for Aeneas."

In 1734 BP was awarded the title of academician in a picture of Renault and Armida, "and in the same year, decorate a room in the Queen's Palace of Versailles allegorical figures of Compassion, Abundance, loyalty and prudence, illustrated edition of Moliere's great, and performed one after Several other collections of prints, eg. "Cris de Paris"; "Livres de sujets et Pastorales"; "Elements", "Saisons", etc.

In 1735 he was appointed associate professor in 1737 a professor of the Academy. In the period from 1737 to 1740, he wrote, "Education of Cupid Mercury", "Aurora and Cephalus" and "Venus, part of the pool" – painting, commissioned for the hotel Soubise (now the Palace of the national archives). Since then begins his highly prolific work: he delivers factory in Beauvais, traders Prints and kitayschiny that has just come into fashion, fans and the court a whole lot of cardboard. drawings and paintings, some of which – as for example. The Birth of Venus (1740, now in the Stockholm Museum), "Epic Poetry" (1741) and "History", performed by the Royal Library, "Diana, emerging from the bath" and "Pastoral Scene" (in the Louvre) – considered the best of his works.

In 1743, AB was appointed head designer of the opera and produced several ballets, and he also wrote sets for theaters Fair St. Laurent and Bellevue and amateur performances arranged by the Marquise de Pompadour, his pupil and patron. A huge number of orders received soon, however, turned the work of "Anacreon of Painting in the hastily made sketches, which the critic could not look favorably, although from time to time he managed to focus on such works as" A Collection of geniuses of art "(1751), "Latona on the island of Delos," Sun started out and banish the night. " At this time Bush is in full glory and splendor of royal grace, received a pension and an apartment in the Louvre.

In 1757 he exhibited a portrait of Mark. Pompadour, for which at the same time wrote: "The Muse Erato", "Muse Clio", "Holidays in Egypt", etc.

In 1765, despite the death of the Marquise de Pompadour, lishivshuyu it so powerful patronage, Boucher managed, however, get a place in the first painter of King, which had become vacant by the death of Charles Van Loo. But the picture relating to the last years of life grown old, who lived and mislead the beginning of the classic reaction, BP could no longer produce the former impression, but despite this, and not paying attention to the scathing criticism of Diderot, he took part in all exhibitions and leaves opera.

His last work was a "gypsy wagon train," exhibited in 1769 and written shortly before his death in 1770 his fame soon after his death absolutely you drop under the influence of a classical reaction, it was accused of corrupting the youth and the best of his paintings found no buyers.Now these unfair accusations have lost their meaning, modern criticism assigns AB prominently among the artists the French school of the XVIII century. Wed Mariette, "Abecedario": Diderot, "Salon de 1759, 1761, 1763, 1765, 1767" (ie, X and XI, ed. Aseza-Tournai); E. and Yu Goncourt, "L'art au XVIII siecle" (Paris , 1881); P. Mantz, "Francois Boucher, Lemoyne et Natoire" (Paris, 1880); A. Michel, "Francois Boucher" (a collection of "Artistes celebres" (Paris, 1886). In the St. Petersburg Hermitage has his "repose on the way to Egypt." Signed by: J. Boucher 1757.

Salvador Dali (05.11.1904 – 01.23.1989). Technique of painting Dali studied at the Madrid Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, from 1921 to 1926. The first exhibition of works by Dali in November 1925 in the Dalmau Gallery in Barcelona. Being a fan of the works psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, Salvador Dali sought on their canvases show the human subconscious. In 1927 and 1928 Dali went to Paris, where he met Pablo Picasso and joined the Surrealist group. At the same time, Dali met with Galoy Eluard, which later became his future wife. From 1940 to 1948 Salvador Dali lived in the U.S., waiting for the Second World War and then returned to Spain. Important role in creating the image of the artist as eccentric and extravagant personality, served as a wife of Salvador Dali. In 1974 he opened the museum in Figueres Dali's art, initiated the creation of which was the artist himself. January 23, 1989, Salvador Dali died.

The first of his paintings: "Tatar village in the moonlight," "Types of Balaam and Lake Ladoga," "St. Isaac's Cathedral in moonlight" is still unclear pointed to his direction. Then came "Left village", "Moonlit Night in the Ukraine" (Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow), which gave him great fame in the public. This was followed by: "field and the river before the storm", "Night on the Dnieper River (the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich)," Birches in the meadow "," Birch Grove "," Morning on the Dnieper River (Tretyakov Gallery), "Sunset in the forest "and some other general, he wrote a few paintings and a decade as it does not hold the new.

For the integrity of impression produced paintings Kuindzhi, he recalled Museum, like which it also neglects the circumlocution, but Kuindzhi more uniform in the colors of each painting and, focusing the viewer's attention so do not give him the diversity to meet after the first impression. However, in selected colors, he is amazing graduation undertones than sometimes reach full optical illusions. Particular excitement has made his "Night on the Dnieper River, where the moonlight on the river in the distance is expressed with the full illusion.

In letters to Archaeology (eds. Stasava) can read what a great impression from this picture of the artists. Testifying to the extraordinary art Kuindzhi, Kramskoy, however, doubts that the painting might unchanged reach posterity. Indeed, the variability of colors was the reason that in a few years painting Kuindzhi lost, unfortunately, much of his wealth halftones. By enacting a new temporary state academy of arts, Kuindzhi made a member of its board and a professor-head of its landscape workshop.