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Biography Kiprensky Orest Adamovich

admin — Tue, 25 Jan 2011 21:30:58 +0000

Kiprensky Orest Adamovich (13 (24) .03.1782 – 10.05.1836) – a portraitist and history painter, one of the finest artists, when something is in Russia. He was the son of a serf rights Brigadier A. Diakonova, A. Schwalbe. Born in county Oranienbaum S. Petersburg province, 13 (24) March 1782, and baptized in the village Koporie, from which he received the nickname "Koporskaya", then changed to the name "Kiprensky.

Even in childhood he showed a great liking for drawing, which prompted Diakonova let him go out and determine in 1788, students in the Imperial. Academy of Arts. While studying in her own extraordinary artistic abilities and their rapid development Kiprensky acquired a special patronage of the then president of the Academy, gr. Stroganov. The main mentors him here were sullen and G. D. Levitsky.

In 1802, for the picture: Philemon and Baucis, awarded him a small gold medal, and in addition, for the painting project of the monument Professor G. Kozlov, he was one of the great gold medals, donated by gr. Stroganov. After graduating in the next year academic course with the title of the artist XIV cells. Is left with the Academy as a boarder.

In 1805 he was awarded a large gold medal for the written program now: "Dmitry Donskoy in Kulikovo (nahod. Museum Acad. Thin.), And thus acquired the right to travel to foreign lands, with the content from the Government, but by the then political circumstances, sending him there had to be postponed.

Once he went to Moscow and was in Tver, in the court led. Princess Catherine Pavlovna. In 1812, a few male portraits, including a portrait of guerrilla-poet D. Davydov (nah. Museum Acad. Thin.) Erected in the title of Academician, and in 1815 recognized as an advisor of the Academy. In the following year went, finally, in a journey abroad, at the expense of the Imperial. Elizabeth Alexeyevna, visited Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and the last one of these countries acquired their portraits so well known that honored that his portrait, painted by himself at the suggestion of the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts, was placed in the Uffizi Gallery, the collection of portraits by famous artists.

Returned to St. Petersburg. in 1823, but not for long, and in 1828 again went to Italy, where he attracted the love of a young Roman woman, model Anna Maria Falkuchchi which, thanks to him, was given to education in one of the female schools of this city . During his absence from St. Petersburg. Was due to receive the Academy of Arts of the new state, renamed from advisers to be a professor, in 1831

In 1836 he married Falkuchchi, but 3 months later he died in Rome on 5 October that year. Contemporaries called Kiprensky "Russian Van Dyke," but this name determines the nature of his talent is not quite accurate. Starting out with a follow his teacher, Ugryumova and Levitsky, he then took me for examples of Rubens and Rembrandt, and tried, in his works, to merge the best qualities of their painting, but soon left these artists and created his own style, which sought may complete transmit the nature of life, not only the strict accuracy of drawing and the naturalness of the colors, but mostly well crafted, varied, depending on the kind depicted substances – such as to completely concealed by the brush work and receive full illusion of reality. In many cases Kiprensky solves this problem perfectly, but not all of his works have the same value.

Especially strong, he was part of portraits, which are written to them a lot and who, besides other qualities, in general is remarkably similar. With regard to his historical paintings, they suggest that, for all his skill, he did not possess the gift of great songs. In addition to painting, Kiprensky engaged in painting on stone and published several lithographs. As for the best among his works, you can specify the portraits of the famous sculptor Gorvaldsena and father of the artist (in Imperial. Hermitage), the "Young Gardener" (ibid.), "readers of newspapers" and "Tiburtinskuyu Sybil" (in the Moscow Public Museum) portraits fabulist Krylov (in counts. Acad. Sciences) and "gr. Pototskaya" (in the estate of Count. Potocki), "Tomb of Anacreon" (in years.Briullov, in St. Petersburg.) And a few portraits collected, the Tretyakov Gallery, which he founded in Moscow.

Maya Mikhailovna Plisetskaya Biography

admin — Sun, 23 Jan 2011 05:40:46 +0000

Plisetskaya, Maya Mikhailovna (11/20/1925), Soviet ballet dancer, national artist of USSR (1959).

In 1943 he graduated from the Moscow Ballet School (teachers Gerdt, Mikhail Leontiev), and was admitted to the Bolshoi Theater.

The first major party – Masha ("The Nutcracker" by Tchaikovsky, 1944). In plastic Plisetskaya dance art reaches a high harmony ("The Dying Swan" to music by Camille Saint-Saens, and others), she found new ways of interpreting the music of Tchaikovsky, Glazunov, Bizet.

Artistic individuality Plisetskaya close and lyrical, and the heroic roles: Odette-Odile ("Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky), Mistress of Copper Mountain ("The Stone Flower" by Prokofiev), Raymonda (Raymonda Glazunov), Kitri (Don Quixote "by Minkus) Aurora ("Sleeping Beauty" by Tchaikovsky), Carmen ("Carmen Suite" to music by Bizet – Shchedrin), Anna Karenina (Anna Karenina "Shchedrin), etc.

In the dance of Maya Plisetskaya combines the best traditions of Russian culture and innovative choreographic aspirations of the Soviet choreographers. In 1972, together with NI Ryzhenko and VV Smirnov-Golovanov put ballet "Anna Karenina" (by Leo Tolstoy) at the Bolshoi.

She has toured the U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Canada and other countries. Lenin Prize (1964). She was awarded the Order of Lenin and medals.

Lit.: Roslavlev N., Maya Plisetskaya, M., 1968.

Biography of Albert Gadelshina Sungatovicha

admin — Sat, 22 Jan 2011 05:58:03 +0000

Gadelshin Albert Sungatovich (04/18/1939). Artistic director Kazan circus since 1970, born April 18, 1939 in the village Begishevo Naberezhnochelninskogo area Tatsrkoy USDA, graduated from the Kazan State Pedagogical Institute in 1975, GITIS in 1979; career began working at the enterprises of Kazan; since 1961 – Artist of the Ulyanovsk Philharmonic, from 1965 – Artist of the Tatar State Philharmonic Society, 1968-1970 – Kazan circus artist, Honoured Artist of Republic of Tatarstan, is married, enjoys the art of magic, wrote plays, amateur painter.

Biography of Andrea Mantegna

admin — Sat, 22 Jan 2011 04:17:40 +0000

Andrea Mantegna (1431 – 1506) – the famous Italian painter and engraver, chief representative of the Padua school early Renaissance. He was the adopted son and pupil of Fr. Skvarchone; produced under his leadership, has developed further under the influence of works by Donatello, F. Lippi and Yak. Bellini. In the earliest of his works, executed in collaboration with other artists in Rude. degli Eremitani in Padua ("Baptism Magician Hermogenes," "St. James before Herod Agrippa." St. Jacob blessing the new convert, "" Beheading St. Jacob, "etc.) – M. already showed a love for classical antiquity and familiarity with classical plasticity, as well as knowledge of the prospects and ability to cope with the angles. By the same earlier period of his activities include: the image of the altar, written for Rude. St. Justina in Padua (now located in the Milan gal. Pinacoteca di Brera), characterized by a greater harmony of colors and softer body moldings; St. Euphemia "(in the Naples Museum), full of generosity and rigor, as well as the Madonna enthroned with Saints", performed for Rude. St. Zeno in Bepone; two predella last icon, a remarkable figure for certainty, expressive shapes and finished parts are in the Museum of the mountains. Tour, the middle part – in the Louvre Museum. Resettlement in Mantua, in 1459, served for the benefit of the artist, helping to mitigate the sharp sides of his talent. By this time include: altar an image with small pieces was written for the palace chapel of the Marquis (now tries. In the gallery, the Uffizi in Florence), "St. Sebastian" (in the Vienna gallery), "St. George" (in the Venetian Aqd. artist.), "Madonna and Angels" (in the Berlin Museum). His major work, filled with MM at this time – the frescoes in the wedding hall (camera de 'sposi) Mantua Castle, preserved perfectly only on one wall, and the other badly damaged. They depict scenes of family life, Ludovic, a little bit heavy on the composition and forms, but the full glory of the powerful and truth of life. In painting the ceiling of this hall (Cupids, scenes from the legends of Hercules, Opine, Orpheus, etc.) are also well preserved, MA is the founder of the new principles of ceiling painting, then brought to the full development of Correggio. Working mainly for the Mantua Marquis Lodovico and his successors, and Francesco Federico, MA received orders from other Italian ruling personages of Este, the Medici and others, Pope Innocent VIII invited him to Rome to schedule the chapel in the Belvedere villa (destroyed in the Pie VI). At the time of stay in Rome, the artist is also very thin on the work of Madonna, wrote for Francesco de 'Medici (now stands. In gal. Uffizi). On his return to Mantua, MA graduated from the nine large paintings depicting the triumphal procession of Caesar. These paintings, which was to have a substitute for woven carpets on the walls of the palace of San Sebasiano, strongly affected by the restorations and is now stored in gempton-kourtskom Castle near London. They clearly than in other works kakihlibo M., expressed his enthusiasm for classical antiquity. Besides the late period of the AM are: "Madonna della vittoria" (in the Louvre), the Madonna between St. John and St. Magdalene (in Lond. Nationalism. Gal.) Attractive in the studio grouping of figures, stately compositions tenderness finish. A little later these paintings from the brush M. came two other stored now in the Louvre gallery in Paris, depicting the victory of virtue over vice, and Parnas, in their talent MA manifested in its entirety in its development. The last work of M. was, apparently, "Triumph of Scipio", found in the artist's studio after his death (located in Lond. Nationalism.'s Gallery). The last years of his life spent in Moscow misery, was to build them at his own expense luxury family chapel in the church of St. Andrew in Mantua. The main advantages of AM, – the majestic vision, rigorous design, excellent sculpt figures, based on the study of ancient sculpture and the power of expression, his weak side – some hesitantly composition and lack of flavor. He is credited with the introduction of engraving in Lombardy, it is one of the first started in the engravings of his own songs to play, but not strangers. The most curious of his prints: "The Sleeping Madonna" (Br. 8), "Christ between St. Andrew and Longin (Vr. 6)," The Entombment "(Br. 3)," Fighting sea gods "(Br.3), "Bacchanalia", "The triumph of Caesar" (six pages, most of whom belong to the MA course only two, Br. 10 and 11).

Biography Füssli Johann Heinrich

admin — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 16:20:36 +0000

Füssli Johann Heinrich (1742 – 1825), even as a child engaged in painting, hiding it from his father, who, as a result of insufficient development of his hand, did not want to put it on an artistic career. In spite of the fact that the youthful drawings FA displayed a vitality and richness of his imagination, he was preparing for the Church, studying theology, ancient languages, as well as new, enabling him very easily. He did not finish their education, when, as a result of works written by him against a dishonest official, he had to escape from Zurich. He wandered for several years in Germany before, thanks to his translation of the Shakespearean "Macbeth" and "Letters of Lady Montag is" not met with British ambassador in Berlin and, at his invitation, did not go in 1765 in London. Here he lived first translation into English and German books (among other things, works Winckelmann), and only after listening to speeches academic Reynolds became interested in art again. The famous luminary of English painting, which went into the AF personal acquaintance, advised him to throw his pen and take up a pencil and brush. Listen to this Board, F., in 1770, went to Rome, made friends there with Winkelmann and R. Mengs and diligently studied the antique and Michelangelo. On returning to London in 1779 already fully prepared by the artist, he soon joined the British in the name famous with pereinachennoyu "Fyuzeli. After London's King. Academy in 1788 elected him to its members, it is, except for the performance of other works, painted 9 tracks for "Shakespeare Gallery" Boydelya and 47 illustrations of "Paradise Lost," Milton, greatly contributed to its popularity. In 1799, the FA was appointed professor and in 1804 director of the academy. Since then he has devoted himself almost exclusively to literary work, what processing the "Dictionary of painters" Pilkingtona (1 805 – 1 810), "Fifteen lectures on painters" (1820) and translated into English. language "physiognomy" Lafater. As a painter, FA at the time liked the British public almost as much as his contemporaries, Reynolds and West, although it was weaker than them in all respects. Drawings and general technical performance of his works carelessly desire to destroy the extraordinary often led him to the oddities in the composition of pretentious theatrical postures and movements of the figures, but the coloring in the sharpness and unnatural. The most famous paintings F.: "Titania and the foundation" (from "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by Shakespeare), "Nightmare," "Theseus, Ariadne say goodbye to the entrance to the Labyrinth", "Ugolino in the tower of famine," "Procession of the shadows in the Elysium "and" Death of Cardinal Beaufort. Biography of the artist published by J. Noulesom (Knowles) in 1831 (Lond.).

Biography of Nikolai Petrovich Krymov

admin — Sun, 16 Jan 2011 08:46:29 +0000

KPYMOB Nikolai Petrovich [20.4 (2.5). 1884, Moscow - 06.05.1958, ibid], American painter, landscape painter and theatrical designer. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1956), corresponding member AH the USSR (1949). He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1904-11). Exhibitor Blue Rose "(1907), tsp. Union of Russian Artists (from 1910). Taught in the Higher Art (1920-22) and Art School 1905 (1934-39). In late. 1900 – 1910-ies. create bright in color, decorative and generalized tracks (first dynamised, and then harmonically-quiet), styled in the spirit of the primitive, later – a tapestry of classic and landscape ("Thunderstorm", 1908, "The Yellow Barn", 1909 – both in the Tretyakov Gal .; series "Bathers", Ser. 10-ies.). Since the early 20's. fully converted to the image of stable states of nature, working on the basis of a thorough analysis of his "system colors" (according to which color reveals not a material structure, but only the degree of illumination of the subject form). In an effort to create a synthetic landscape-painting, Krymov sought emotional unity shaped structure ("Stream", 1926, "Morning in Central Park …", 1937," Summer Day in Tarus, 1939-40 – all in the Tretyakov gal. ). Theatrical work Krymov: design plays "Passionate Heart" (1926) and "Talents and Admirers" (1933) by Alexander Ostrovsky, "Untilovsk" Leonova (1928) – all three in the Moscow Art Theater. Lit.: Klimova MA. NP Krymov, M., 1958; NP Crimea – an artist and teacher. Articles, memoirs, MA, 1960; Sapeha I., sense or logic in that? (Notes on the works of NP Krymov), "Art", 1965, № 2.,

Biography of Paul Gauguin, Eugene Henri

admin — Sat, 15 Jan 2011 00:14:29 +0000

Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (07/06/1848 – 05/08/1903), French painter. In his youth he worked as seaman in 1871 – a stockbroker in Paris. In the 1870's. independently took up painting. In 1883, threw the exchange and dedicated himself entirely to art, which led Gauguin to poverty, a break with family and wanderings. In 1886 he lived in Pont-aven (Brittany) in 1887 – in Panama and on the island of Martinique, in 1888 worked for two months (with W. van Gogh) in Arles, in 1889-91 – mainly in Les Pul- Du (Brittany). The early period of Gauguin's art associated with Impressionism. In the future rejection of bourgeois civilization awaken from Gauguin's interest in folk art, with its naive perception of the world, the art of archaic Greece, the Middle Ages, Ap. East. The search for generalized images of the mysterious meaning of the phenomena of interest to a long congealed lifestyle that Gauguin sought in Brittany and Martinique, Arles ("Vision after the sermon, 1888, Nat. Gal. Scotland, Edinburgh," The Yellow Christ ", 1889, Gal . Albright, Buffalo), bring together a program with the symbolism of Gauguin and lead him and a group close to him, the young artists (so-called. PONT avenskaya School) to create a new painting system ("sintetizma"), which uses a generalization and simplification of shapes and lines. Cut-off the modeling volume, light and linear perspective and rhythmic ousted by comparing the individual planes of pure color, completely filling the shape of objects and playing a leading role in establishing the emotional and psychological damage the painting ("Cafe at Arles, 1888, the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin , Moscow). Gauguin painting system is being further developed in his works, created on the island of Tahiti (South Pacific). He went there in 1891, carried away by their creative research and dream of a perfect society. It seemed to Gauguin, here, away from European civilization, man lives in harmony with the generous tropical nature that gives him freedom from the struggle for existence. In 1895, after a brief return to France, Gauguin ever goes to Oceania (first in Tahiti, and in 1901 on about. Hiva Oa). Although the colonial reality does not meet the utopian dream Gauguin, he creates in his paintings a sense of pristine paradise that is full sun and is inhabited by spirit unbroken by people living in unity with nature ("Tahitian Pastorals", 1893, the Hermitage, Leningrad, "Broad", 1901 , Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, "And the gold of their bodies", 1901, the Museum of Impressionism, Paris). Painting, in Oceania, though bear the exotic aroma of an unfamiliar world and the poetic structure of Polynesian culture and mythology, Gauguin opened the first of the European artists. The emotional richness of color, flatness and static compositions, organic fusion of decorative and monumental beginning, the novelty and significance of images characteristic of Gauguin's works, largely stimulated the search for creative artists in the early 20. Gauguin also worked in sculpture, drawing, ceramics. In a number of literary works and critical, he gave a theoretical basis for his creative method. Cit.: Avant et apres, P., 1923; Noa-Noa. Voyage de Tahiti, P., (1924), part-Russian. per .- Noa-Noa. Travel to Tahiti, M., [1914], 2 ed., M., 1918; Lettres a sa femme et a ses amis, P., 1946. Lit.: Cantor G ukovskaya A., Paul Gauguin. Life and Work, L.-M., 1965, Danielson B., Gauguin in Polynesia, M.-L., 1969; Wildenstein G., Gauguin. Catalogue, P., 1964; Cachin Fr., Gauguin, P., 1968

Biography of Alexander Dovzhenko P.

admin — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:16:35 +0000

Dovzhenko, Aleksandr Petrovich (30.08 (11.09) .1894 – 25.11.1956), the Ukrainian Soviet film director, writer, screenwriter, People's Artist of the RSFSR (1950).

In 1914 graduated from Hlukhouski Teachers Inst. After the Great October Revolution he worked in the Commissariat of Ukraine, has worked in newspapers and magazines as an artist. In 1926 wrote the script and was sorezhisserom movie "Vasya the Reformer. Original creative individuality Dovzhenko first revealed in the movie "Zvenigora" (1928). Already this film revealed the origins of the popular talent Dovzhenko. Sublime romance and angry satire, song lyrics and political journalism, epic interpretation of events merged into a single artistic whole, gave all his films unique heroic-poetic coloring.

Genuine philosophic heights attained Dovzhenko in historical revolutionary film "Arsenal" (1929) and especially in the film "Earth" (1930), dedicated to the struggle for collectivization in Ukraine. In 1958 at the Brussels Film Festival (under Internat. Exhibition) film has been named among the 12 best films of all time.

In 1932 Dovzhenko directed the film "Ivan", one of the first Soviet sound pictures. In 1935, staged "Aerograd. A major achievement was the Dovzhenko film Schors "(1939; Gos. Pr USSR, 1941).

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 Dovzhenko was a war correspondent, wrote agitated journalistic articles, essays, short stories. Documentaries Dovzhenko "Liberation" (1940, reunification of the West. Ukraine), "The Battle for Our Soviet Ukraine" (1943), "Victory in Right Bank Ukraine" (1945) were outstanding examples of poetic kinopublitsistiki.

In the postwar years Dovzhenko wrote the play and the script "Life in Bloom", which put a color film Michurin "(1949; Gos. Pr USSR, 1949).

Death interrupted his work on the film Dovzhenko "Poem of the Sea", a scenario which Dovzhenko was awarded posthumously in 1959 Lenin Prize.

On both the "Poem of the Sea," "The Tale of ardent years," the lyrical story of devoted childhood Dovzhenko, "Enchanted Desna" (1955, publ. 1957) and his other stories directed YI Solntseva created the same movie.

Dovzhenko was a writer for almost all his films, writer and publicist, who claimed the spiritual richness and beauty of the Soviet people, are actively fighting for a communist morality. He was a teacher work, in 1949-51 and from 1955 taught in VGIK.

Dovzhenko made a great contribution to the development of Soviet and world cinema. The name assigned to the Kiev Dovzhenko film studio of feature films.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of Labor Red Banner and medals.

Cit.: Express Yourself, Vol 1-5. Joined. Statte M. Rilski, Kiiv, 1964-66; Coll. cit., v. 1-4, Moscow, 1966-69.

Lit.: Bazhan M., O. Dovzhenko, Kiiv, 1930, Eisenstein S., The Birth of masters, "The Art of Cinema", 1940, № 1 – 2; Yurenev RN, Alexander Dovzhenko, Moscow, 1959; Maryamov A ., Dovzhenko, Moscow, 1968 (bibl. and filmogr., pp. 378-82).

Biography of Ivan Akimov Akimovich

admin — Wed, 12 Jan 2011 18:29:56 +0000

Ivan Ivan Akimovich (22.05 (02.06) .1754 – 15 (27) .05.1814), Russian historical painter. The representative of classicism. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1764-73) in AP calf. In 1773-78 the pensioner Arts in Italy. Academician (1782), from 1779 a teacher in 1796 – 1800 Director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. The first historian of Russian art. Works: "The Great Prince Svyatoslav, kissing his mother and his children return from the Danube in Kiev" (1773, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), "Hercules at the Crossroads" (1801, Russian Museum, Leningrad). Works, Vol.: A brief historical news about some Russian artists, "Northern Herald, St. Petersburg, 1804., H 1, № 3.

Biography of Vincent Van Gogh

admin — Sat, 08 Jan 2011 16:25:22 +0000

Van Gogh Vincent (30/03/1853 – 07/29/1890), Dutch painter. Son of a pastor. In 1869-76 he served commission hudozhestvennotorgovoy firm in The Hague, Brussels, London and Paris, in 1876 – as a teacher in England. Undertook a study of theology, in 1878-79 was a preacher in Borinazhe (Belgium), where I learned the hard life of miners, the protection of their interests led van Gogh to conflict with church authorities. In 1880. Van Gogh turned to art: visiting Arts in Brussels (1880-81) and in Antwerp (1885-86), on the advice of A. Mahouve in The Hague. Van Gogh paints with passion disadvantaged people – miners Borinazha, and later – peasants, craftsmen, fishermen, whose life he observed in the Netherlands in 1881-85. At the age of 30 van Gogh began to paint and create an extensive series of paintings and sketches, done in dark, somber tones and permeated with warm sympathy for ordinary people ("Peasant Woman", 1885, instantly. Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, "The Potato Eaters , 1885, Fund V. van Gogh, Amsterdam,). Building on the tradition of critical realism 19. Above all creativity JF Millet, van Gogh joined them with emotional and psychological tensions of images, painful sensitivity to the suffering and oppression of people. In 1886-88, while living in Paris, van Gogh visiting a private studio, while he studied plein air painting of the Impressionists and Japanese prints, attached to the quest A. de Toulouse-Lautrec, P. Gauguin. During this period, a dark palette gradually gave way to the glittering clear blue, golden yellow and red tones, freer and more dynamic became smear ("Bridge over the Seine," 1887, V. van Gogh Foundation, Amsterdam; "Portrait of Pere Tanguy, 1887, Rodin Museum, Paris). Moving van Gogh in Arles in 1888 opened a period of his maturity. Here it is determined the peculiar character picturesque manner the artist who expressed his attitude to the world and their emotional state, using a combination of contrasting colors and a free pasty smear. A burning feeling, the painful impulse to harmony, beauty, happiness and fear of hostile human forces are embodied in a landscape, radiant joy, sun paints the South ("Harvest. Valley of La Crau", "Fishing Boats at Sainte-Marie, the two- 1888, Fund V. van Gogh, Amsterdam), the sinister images of the frightening world where man overwhelmed by loneliness and helplessness ("Night Cafe", 1888, private collection, New York). The dynamics of color and long, winding stroke fills the spiritual life and movement, not only nature and its people ("The Red Vineyard", 1888, the Museum depict Arts. Pushkin, Moscow), but also every inanimate object (" Van Gogh's Bedroom at Arles, 1888, Fund V. van Gogh, Amsterdam). The hard work of van Gogh's last years of his life was complicated by bouts of mental illness, which led the artist to the tragic conflict with Gauguin, and arrived in Arles, van Gogh goes to the hospital in Arles, then at Saint-Remy (1889-90) and the Over- sur-Oise (1890), which commits suicide. Creation of the last two years of his life van Gogh noted ecstatic obsession, extremely heightened expression of color combinations, rhythm and texture, mood swings – from the frenzy of despair ("The Gates of Eternity", 1890, State. Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo) and mad visionary impulses (The road with cypresses and the stars ", 1890, ibid) to the anxious feeling of enlightenment and calm (" Landscape in Auvers after the Rain ", 1890). Creativity van Gogh reflected a complex and crucial moment in the history of European culture. It is permeated with ardent love for life, to a simple working man. However, it has expressed with great sincerity, the crisis of bourgeois humanism and realism 19., Painfully agonizing search for spiritual and moral values. Hence the special creative obsession van Gogh, his impulsive expression and tragic. pathos, they defined a special place VG in the art post-impressionism, one of the main representatives of which he became. Cit. : Letters, per. of Gall., L. – M., 1966. Lit.: [Nowak L.], Van Gogh, [Prague, 1961]; FailleJ. -B. de, VincentvanGogh, P., 1939; WeisbachW., VincentvanGogh, Bd 1-2, Basel, 1949-51.