Prior to her marriage – Levchenko.

Her father – Vasily A. Levchenko, graduated from the Department of Philology of Moscow University and arrived in Poltava work as a teacher.

Mother – Ekaterina SLEPTSOVA was a graduate of Alexander – the Mariinsky Institute for young ladies.

Vera was two years old when his family moved to Moscow. In 1903, when she was ten years old, she was learning in a private school Perepelkin. Soon, Vera, in spite of huge competition, entered the ballet school, but was quite full, and my mother called her "Poltava dumpling. But after a year, her parents took her out of school.

At a ball on the occasion of graduating from high school, Vera met with the student – as a lawyer Vladimir Cold. Several months later they got married in friendly disapproval of both families. Two years later the family our daughter was born Eugene (born 1912). A year later the family adopt a girl Nonna. The family lived very modestly, but, fortunately, there is a new popular and inexpensive entertainment – motion picture. Faith they are very interested and she wanted to try to force it.

In 1914 in film.

The first (casual) role – adaptation of "Anna Karenina" directed by Vladimir Gardin.

In 1915 he starred in Eugene Bauer in the movie "Song of Triumphant Love", where she played Helen. This role brought the actress widely known.

Last year she starred in Khanzhonkov in 13 films. She had to support his family, because husband was at the front.

In August 1915, Vera went to the front – in the hospital, nurse a wounded husband. Vladimir went on the mend and they returned to Moscow. A few days later, Vera immediately went to the shooting in Sochi, and in mid-October, her husband, even after recovering from injury, asked back to the front.

For four years cinematographic life Vera Cold starred in 35 films from directors: E. Bauer, P. Chardynin, V. Viskovskogo, C. Sabinsky. She was called the queen of the screen. She became a trendsetter.

In 1917, the screen went out one of her best films – "By the fireplace. This film had exceptional success with the public (under the Soviet regime it was destroyed, like hundreds of other popular pre-revolutionary films).

In 1917 Vera appeared in 11 films.

She offered many times to leave Russia. She was popular abroad. Her movies were in Europe, America, Turkey and even in Japan. She was offered a contract for 10 years in Germany, she was called in France. But it all offers refused. She said that her place in Russia.

At the end of the summer of 1918, the actress arrived in Odessa on dosemki movie "Princess Tarakanov" together with the eldest daughter, Zhenya. But the crew of the – for the intervention had to stay in Odessa for six months. February 8, 1919, Vera became ill with "immortal" – a special form of influenza, which was complicated by pneumonia. She was ill for nine days. February 17, 1919 it was gone.

Vladimir Cold lived without his wife just two months. He is not sick, but just quietly faded – of a broken heart. " Soon died and his mother Vera, and orphaned daughters of actress relatives taken abroad, where they disappear.

Embalmed body of the actress that as soon as possible, as soon as the Allied troops will leave Odessa, transported to Moscow. The coffin with the body of an actress locked in a chapel on the first Christian cemetery in Odessa … and remembered it only in 1931, when the cemetery was decided to transform the Park of Culture. Remains of an actress, as reported by her relatives, were sent to Moscow … but along the way lost.

During his career, actress starred, according to various testimonies, or forty, or eighty films. Because of her roles have reached us only five.

In 1901 she graduated from drama courses at the Moscow Theatre School, class of AP Lenski and joined the troupe of the Maly Theatre.

The first big role (in a box "Dead Souls" by Gogol) played on the stage of the New Theatre (Minor Branch). The basic repertoire of assalitinovoy were typical of the role of old women in the plays of Ostrovsky, Gogol.

In 1919-20 actress State Demonstration Theatre. In 1922, again at the Maly Theatre, where she created her best work: Nenfla Sidorovna ("In a strange feast hangover Ostrovsky), Khlestov (" Woe from Wit "Griboyedov) Demidevna (" Invasion "Leonov), and returned to the roles previously played Manefa and Kukushkina ("Every Wise Man Stumbles", "Lucrative" Ostrovsky), etc.

Embodying the realist tradition of the Maly Theatre, Massalitinova able to combine deep psychology, truthful, based on keen observations of life, with vivid expressiveness of the external image of the image. She searched for the role of each individual speech characteristic.

Courage and strength of a satirical depiction of the actress raised art to the deep social generalizations. In 1918 he starred in the movies.

Bright life-affirming nature of the grandmother Akulina Ivanovna created in the films "Gorky's Childhood" and "In humans" (1938, 1939, the USSR State Prize, 1941).

She was awarded two medals.

Lit.: V. Afanasiev, VO Massalitinova, MA, 1951; M. Ilyin, V. Massalitinova, in the book.: Actors of Soviet cinema, in. 6, AL, 1970.

In 1914 graduated from Hlukhouski Teachers Inst. After the Great October Revolution he worked in the Commissariat of Ukraine, has worked in newspapers and magazines as an artist. In 1926 wrote the script and was sorezhisserom movie "Vasya the Reformer. Original creative individuality Dovzhenko first revealed in the movie "Zvenigora" (1928). Already this film revealed the origins of the popular talent Dovzhenko. Sublime romance and angry satire, song lyrics and political journalism, epic interpretation of events merged into a single artistic whole, gave all his films unique heroic-poetic coloring.

Genuine philosophic heights attained Dovzhenko in historical revolutionary film "Arsenal" (1929) and especially in the film "Earth" (1930), dedicated to the struggle for collectivization in Ukraine. In 1958 at the Brussels Film Festival (under Internat. Exhibition) film has been named among the 12 best films of all time.

In 1932 Dovzhenko directed the film "Ivan", one of the first Soviet sound pictures. In 1935, staged "Aerograd. A major achievement was the Dovzhenko film Schors "(1939; Gos. Pr USSR, 1941).

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 Dovzhenko was a war correspondent, wrote agitated journalistic articles, essays, short stories. Documentaries Dovzhenko "Liberation" (1940, reunification of the West. Ukraine), "The Battle for Our Soviet Ukraine" (1943), "Victory in Right Bank Ukraine" (1945) were outstanding examples of poetic kinopublitsistiki.

In the postwar years Dovzhenko wrote the play and the script "Life in Bloom", which put a color film Michurin "(1949; Gos. Pr USSR, 1949).

Death interrupted his work on the film Dovzhenko "Poem of the Sea", a scenario which Dovzhenko was awarded posthumously in 1959 Lenin Prize.

On both the "Poem of the Sea," "The Tale of ardent years," the lyrical story of devoted childhood Dovzhenko, "Enchanted Desna" (1955, publ. 1957) and his other stories directed YI Solntseva created the same movie.

Dovzhenko was a writer for almost all his films, writer and publicist, who claimed the spiritual richness and beauty of the Soviet people, are actively fighting for a communist morality. He was a teacher work, in 1949-51 and from 1955 taught in VGIK.

Dovzhenko made a great contribution to the development of Soviet and world cinema. The name assigned to the Kiev Dovzhenko film studio of feature films.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of Labor Red Banner and medals.

Cit.: Express Yourself, Vol 1-5. Joined. Statte M. Rilski, Kiiv, 1964-66; Coll. cit., v. 1-4, Moscow, 1966-69.

Lit.: Bazhan M., O. Dovzhenko, Kiiv, 1930, Eisenstein S., The Birth of masters, "The Art of Cinema", 1940, № 1 – 2; Yurenev RN, Alexander Dovzhenko, Moscow, 1959; Maryamov A ., Dovzhenko, Moscow, 1968 (bibl. and filmogr., pp. 378-82).

In 1909 – 1914 worked in the theater. From 1915 to the movies. Starred in films "Double trouble" (1915), "American aristocracy" (1918), etc.

In a number of films varied image of the hero, full of energy, optimism, a successful, good-natured, great athlete: "Wild and disheveled," "Journey to the Moon" (1917), "The new D'Artagnan" (1918), "The Mark of Zorro" (1920 ), "Robin Hood" (1922), "The Thief of Bagdad" (1924), "The Black Pirate" (1926), "Private Life of Don Juan" (1934), etc.

In 1917, Fairbanks was the producer of his films, and then (together with D. W. Griffith, Charles S. Chaplin, and his wife – movie actress M. Pickford), one of the founders of "United Artists".

Lit.: Abramov, A., Douglas Fairbanks, 2 ed., M., 1926, Verkhovsky, N., Douglas Fairbanks, M., 1929, Razumovsky A., Douglas Fairbanks, in the book.: Stars of the silent cinema, M., 1968.

She graduated from the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography (1958, workshop Gerasimov and T. Makarova and F.).

Actress Film Actor's Studio Theatre (until 1964), the Moscow Theatre "Contemporary" (1964-1966), actress State Concert (1966-1969).

Lyudmila Gurchenko – synthetic actress: Are subject to it all the genres of farce, slapstick and musical to melodrama, tragicomedy, a military drama actress sings beautifully, dances – she Theatres and pop singer. But her love and life – cinema.

Best Actress in 1983 for a survey of the magazine "Soviet Screen".

He wrote several autobiographical books ("My adult Childhood," Applause "," Lucie, stop! ")

People's Artist of USSR (1983).

The works are not included in the filmography:

* Stars meet in Moscow, in 1959, Mosfilm, the song with Mark Bernes.

* "Moscow in the notes, in 1969, a TV documentary;

Sing your own song;

* "Benefit Savelia Kramarova, 1974, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg, invitation movie star

* "Benefit Sergei Martinson, 1975, a musical television film directed by E. Ginsburg, invitation movie star

* "Benefit Andrei Mironov, 1977, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg, invitation movie star

* "Benefit Ludmila Gurchenko", 1978, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg, The Star's benefit.

* "Songs of War", 1980, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg;

* "Favorite Songs", 1982, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg;

* "What does love love", 1995, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg.

* "Benefit 2", 1995, a musical television movie, directed by E. Ginsburg, The Star's benefit.

* "Goodbye, Twentieth …", 2000, musical composition, film director Artem Shadrov.

Prizes and awards:

Order of Merit "IV degrees (2000).

Order of Merit "III degree (2005).

Charles Spencer Chaplin (Chaplin) (16.04.1889 – 25.12.1977), American film director, actor and screenwriter.

At birth an Englishman, from a family of actors of the music hall. Born in London. Served from 8 years old, in 1907 – 1912 in the British pantomime troupe F. Carnot emerged as a gifted comedian. In the American film debut in 1914 in a short comedy film "Making a Living" and in the full-length film "Interrupted novel Tillie" (in the owls. Hire "Young Girl").

Participation in short comic films M. Sennett was for Chaplin's school-screen comedy skills. In 1914 Chaplin began and directing activities and subsequently performed mainly in their own films as an actor, director, screenwriter and composer often. Chaplin used the methods of the grotesque and a parody, turned to expressive means of pantomime, folk theater, music hall, circus.

Actively searching for traits of his (later became famous) mask tramps Charlie, gradually increasing tragicomic nature of the images. In the film 1915-18 ("Rogue", "Work", "Evening in the music hall," "Adventurer," "Loan Shop", "Easy Street", "immigrant", "Dog's Life," "Shoulder Arms!" ) and the movie "The Kid" (1920) he reached a high perfection of comedic form.

Increasingly apparent in the pictures Chaplin's comic interwoven with a tragic sense of life. They distinctly heard the socio-satirical tendency. Hero Chaplin – Charlie's tramp embodied world of the poor, rejected capitalist society. In 1923 Chaplin put full-length picture of A Woman of Paris "(1923)," Gold Rush "(1925) and" Circus "(1,928), which are masterpieces of world comedy, in their criticism of bourgeois society, combined with a deep humanism in the depiction of ordinary and disadvantaged people.

In the film "City Lights" (1931) and "Modern Times" (1935) deepened motives illusory hopes, the tragic futility of fighting the "little man" against social injustice. The realistic nature of these films combined with a bright comedic convention, touching resistance hero, humanism in the treatment of themes of love and the search for happiness.

"The Great Dictator" (1941) was labeled a satire on fascism, and Chaplin's political activities during the 2-nd World War, 1939-45, and his calls for support of the Soviet people in the war against fascism Chaplin put into the ranks of progressive figures of world culture.

The postwar work of Chaplin's "Monsieur Verde" (1947), denounce the hypocrisy of capitalist society, provoked a fierce campaign against the reactionary circles of the U.S. producer. In 1952 he created the film "Limelight," which reflects the author's reflections on art, talent and age.

As a result of persecution Chaplin was forced to leave Hollywood and in 1952 he settled in Switzerland. In 1957 he staged in the UK film "A King in New York" – a satire on the American way of life, in 1967 – a traditional comedy "A Countess from Hong Kong. One of the biggest directors and actors, Charles has had a profound influence on the development of world cinema.

In 1954 awarded the International Peace Prize for his outstanding contribution to peace and friendship between peoples.

From about the hours in Russian. per.: My biography, M., 1966.

Lit.: Charlie Chaplin. [Collection], Leningrad, 1925; Atasheva P., Ahushkov S., Charles Spencer Chaplin. [Sat materials], M., 1945; Kukarkin A., Charlie Chaplin, M., 1960; C and D in l L J., Life of Charlie, per. with France., 2 ed., M., 1965; Huff Th., Charlie Chaplin, NY, 1964; Martin M., Claries Chaplin, P., 1966.